Different Constitutions of Karma

Different Constitutions of Karma

Karma is a foundational concept in several Eastern religious and philosophical traditions. Stemming from the Sanskrit term meaning "action" or "deed", it's often simply summarized as the law of cause and effect. However, this principle has been interpreted and understood in various ways across different philosophies. This article delves into the diverse constitutions of karma in a few prominent traditions.

Hinduism:

Sanchita Karma: The accumulated karma from one's past lives. This vast store of actions will determine one's circumstances in future lives.

Prarabdha Karma: A portion of the sanchita karma, which is responsible for the present life. It can be likened to an arrow that has been shot and cannot be stopped until it hits its target.

Agami or Kriyamana Karma: The karma that is being created in the present and will come to fruition in the future. It is within one's control and can be changed with conscious effort.

Buddhism:

In Buddhism, karma is not seen as a cosmic reward or punishment system, but rather as a natural law.

Intentional Karma (Cetanā): Buddha stated, "It is volition, monks, that I call karma." Hence, it's the intention behind an action that determines its karmic effect.

Vipaka: The result or effect of karma. It's the maturation or the ripening of the action.

Jainism:

Jainism offers a detailed taxonomy of karma, viewing it as fine particles that attach to the soul.

Jnanavarniya Karma: Obscures knowledge.

Darsanavarniya Karma: Obscures perception and faith.

Mohanīya Karma: Deludes right belief and conduct.

Antarāya Karma: Obstructs energy.

(And there are several other types in Jainism.)

Sikhism:

Sikhs believe in the law of karma but emphasize the grace of the Guru to alleviate the weight of one's karma. While good actions are encouraged, they also emphasize devotion and remembrance of God (Naam Japna) as the primary means to liberation.

Modern Interpretations:

In contemporary culture, especially in the West, karma is often understood simplistically as "what goes around comes around." Though this doesn't capture the depth and nuances of the traditional teachings, it points to a widespread recognition of the principle that actions have consequences.

Conclusion:

The idea of karma is multifaceted, with each tradition offering its own unique insights and emphases. While the details vary, a common thread is the belief that our actions, thoughts, and intentions have consequences, shaping our experiences and realities in profound ways. Whether viewed as cosmic law, a tool for moral guidance, or a natural process, the concept of karma invites introspection and encourages ethical behavior.